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这里有几个单词 trial 和 trait urge和surge
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trial * U" `4 s8 P b! X: W4 F
noun, verb1 Z# G; a T6 S" r+ _- b" ^% `% C
noun
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[U, C] a formal examination of evidence in a court of law by a judge and often a JURY, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not: a murder trial ◆ He's on trial for murder. ◆ She will stand trial / go on trial for fraud. ◆ The men were arrested but not brought to trial. ◆ The case never came to trial. ◆ She is awaiting trial on corruption charges. ◆ He did not receive a fair trial. ◆ She was detained without trial. ◆ Parker was committed for trial yesterday at Southwark Crown Court.7 F2 }) f8 B+ K) w% [& T
test
' P6 Z: _8 W& U: R+ ]. A4 r( j9 I [C, U] the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them: The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. ◆ She agreed to employ me for a trial period. ◆ The system was introduced on a trial basis for one month. ◆ a trial separation (= of a couple whose marriage is in difficulties) ◆ We had the machine on trial for a week. ◆ a trial of strength (= a contest to see who is stronger)( q9 _$ N4 v( N: s: x
in sport l3 y. |' E* Z
[C, usually pl.] (BrE) (AmE try-out) a competition or series of tests to find the best players for a sports team or an important event: Olympic trials: H9 M h) P8 C( S, _ @
for animals, ~" e7 b6 A0 k" o: d+ s, R
[C, usually pl.] an event at which animals compete or perform: sheepdog / horse trials
& k1 M( Y& J/ B' B) q+ xdifficult experience
( G! b( `" I$ ?2 R- e [C] ~ (to sb) an experience or a person that causes difficulties for sb: the trials and tribulations of married life ◆ She was a sore trial to her family at times.: k# N* A/ w5 A( P3 \# l
Idioms: trial and error the process of solving a problem by trying various methods until you find a method that is successful: Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error.
2 c; g0 ~# K3 P/ O) r1 E* _: m verb (-ll-) [VN, V] (BrE) to test the ability, quality or performance of sth to see if it will be effective or successful2 i$ i* ^3 }% a+ p
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( _* G0 A$ X& m7 q- ], \trait
/ Z9 K! x' w @& ~, T n noun
# X. N' W1 W4 `9 s7 S; wa particular quality in your personality: personality traits ◆ Awareness of class is a typically British trait.
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urge; D" w5 n' t) U; j& K
& Q2 }) o( x+ v" averb, noun
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to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth: [VN to inf] She urged him to stay. ◆ Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. ◆ [V that] The report urged that all children be taught to swim. [also V speech, VN speech]* M" F# d7 \/ Z& z
[VN] ~ sth (on / upon sb) to recommend sth strongly: The situation is dangerous, but the UN is urging caution.
( E3 [8 Z3 E0 X [VN +adv./prep.] (written) to make a person or an animal move more quickly and/or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them: He urged his horse forward.0 M4 w! G/ |8 S/ c: r+ d, Z
Phrasal Verbs: urge sb<->on to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better: She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.) `4 @, B2 F, G- }
noun
4 D; I2 ^) R' S7 l8 A1 ?~ (to do sth) a strong desire to do sth: sexual / creative urges ◆ I had a sudden urge to hit him.* q* E0 u2 {& Z7 i- H" Y1 ~
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/ E& V, u, i! X0 e! {9 @8 X5 A3 Zsurge
6 `2 v& n, z' e# B/ F7 Nverb, noun
) |, t p0 {$ J' m verb [V]3 d1 c" G1 J3 G- W" P* f
[+adv./prep.] to move quickly and forcefully in a particular direction: The gates opened and the crowd surged forward. ◆ Flood waters surged into their homes. ◆ He surged past the other runners on the last lap., ?/ L1 q5 }3 h7 H2 j
[usually +adv./prep.] to fill sb with a strong feeling: Relief surged through her.+ G g+ W) |$ K* h5 M7 r8 x
(of prices, profits, etc.) to suddenly increase in value: Share prices surged.( c/ [/ U# l2 D& i; ]' y
related noun UPSURGE
E+ Q i J& H1 h) [4 z9 V* I$ ~ noun5 V0 v6 ~# x6 c( B
~ (of sth) a sudden increase of a strong feeling: She felt a sudden surge of anger. ◆ a surge of excitement / panic / relief
# Q1 G% p5 [1 ^- r$ i$ ^/ r+ ESee also UPSURGE! e% C0 C- T) P2 a2 o# ~2 O2 s+ b
~ (in / of sth) a sudden increase in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth: a surge in consumer spending ◆ We are having trouble keeping up with the recent surge in demand. ◆ After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services." S4 h5 A- R; {
See also UPSURGE$ j. G0 Y9 [& T) V; Y2 t# U
~ (of sth) a sudden, strong forward or upward movement: a tidal surge ◆ A surge of people poured through the gates.
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