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这里有几个单词 trial 和 trait urge和surge
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3 U3 L' _' |4 x4 b* ?trial
3 G( a& C2 W& p& f0 h4 Lnoun, verb. B ~) e7 p# s3 ~
noun: `1 A9 l6 D) a, l, y( ^
law
! ^" c# @, U8 h. X4 H' O [U, C] a formal examination of evidence in a court of law by a judge and often a JURY, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not: a murder trial ◆ He's on trial for murder. ◆ She will stand trial / go on trial for fraud. ◆ The men were arrested but not brought to trial. ◆ The case never came to trial. ◆ She is awaiting trial on corruption charges. ◆ He did not receive a fair trial. ◆ She was detained without trial. ◆ Parker was committed for trial yesterday at Southwark Crown Court.. [: r" E# f0 _3 ?- p3 n
test
5 Z+ ]5 s$ V. u9 m: c- x- ?: [ [C, U] the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them: The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. ◆ She agreed to employ me for a trial period. ◆ The system was introduced on a trial basis for one month. ◆ a trial separation (= of a couple whose marriage is in difficulties) ◆ We had the machine on trial for a week. ◆ a trial of strength (= a contest to see who is stronger)% n" W8 }& p% m3 ?; j1 v. a0 {
in sport
3 i; g/ p, g3 M( t! y4 F; O [C, usually pl.] (BrE) (AmE try-out) a competition or series of tests to find the best players for a sports team or an important event: Olympic trials
. V) J; J _! t+ Q* Mfor animals
+ z3 S8 G+ G! P& P, d+ m [C, usually pl.] an event at which animals compete or perform: sheepdog / horse trials! I# g4 m& f( T8 [* u
difficult experience
. E/ J9 q* }; ?( _, [- ^ [C] ~ (to sb) an experience or a person that causes difficulties for sb: the trials and tribulations of married life ◆ She was a sore trial to her family at times.
: h% |* \, X1 g: b% jIdioms: trial and error the process of solving a problem by trying various methods until you find a method that is successful: Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error.
; x8 Z% s% \4 W4 w# i! Q7 a verb (-ll-) [VN, V] (BrE) to test the ability, quality or performance of sth to see if it will be effective or successful
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: G5 l9 U. f, w. i6 k- l) N X& `, ytrait
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a particular quality in your personality: personality traits ◆ Awareness of class is a typically British trait.
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urge
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verb, noun
! o- ~0 `3 Y5 k: P verb
" T. C! s( b; q' S1 h" c to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth: [VN to inf] She urged him to stay. ◆ Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. ◆ [V that] The report urged that all children be taught to swim. [also V speech, VN speech]2 L6 g& W& h2 \3 j& D
[VN] ~ sth (on / upon sb) to recommend sth strongly: The situation is dangerous, but the UN is urging caution.
! ~' g1 t1 c2 B( u [VN +adv./prep.] (written) to make a person or an animal move more quickly and/or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them: He urged his horse forward.
8 |' j0 j7 a* ~5 x0 z9 EPhrasal Verbs: urge sb<->on to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better: She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.
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~ (to do sth) a strong desire to do sth: sexual / creative urges ◆ I had a sudden urge to hit him.
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surge
. ?7 H# R* B( y% T% uverb, noun; I. Z' M6 _1 Q0 q# E
verb [V]
: D* H! v& ]0 i4 ^ [+adv./prep.] to move quickly and forcefully in a particular direction: The gates opened and the crowd surged forward. ◆ Flood waters surged into their homes. ◆ He surged past the other runners on the last lap.
) f& n2 t Q; W) p; a8 C* W [usually +adv./prep.] to fill sb with a strong feeling: Relief surged through her.
9 K$ G/ Z4 M+ B (of prices, profits, etc.) to suddenly increase in value: Share prices surged.
9 Q. P! U+ b. v) s& _related noun UPSURGE
, k/ }+ {' @! ~3 [8 K noun
, U. X, o; U" {2 D ~ (of sth) a sudden increase of a strong feeling: She felt a sudden surge of anger. ◆ a surge of excitement / panic / relief
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~ (in / of sth) a sudden increase in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth: a surge in consumer spending ◆ We are having trouble keeping up with the recent surge in demand. ◆ After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.2 e6 |' r0 R! f) V k+ Q+ w0 S
See also UPSURGE# c. q; {6 B4 Y6 w* |+ u
~ (of sth) a sudden, strong forward or upward movement: a tidal surge ◆ A surge of people poured through the gates.$ q5 ?- Q- V) {0 l7 L8 t
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